Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Presentation of a Case and Literature Review

Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease that manifests with motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms of rapid progression catastrophic outcomes; the three main causes acute TM are demyelinating diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). one 19 neuropsychiatric associated SLE according to American College Rheumatology (ACR) has been described affecting 1 2% all cases frequently misdiagnosed, leading a high rate morbidity mortality. This report highlights case 25-year-old woman history who consulted for progressive decrease in lower limb strength loss sphincter control, accompanied by dysesthesias from abdomen feet. Upon examination, she exhibited severe paraparesis preserved myotendinous reflexes, sensory level at T10 was documented. A contrast-enhanced MRI thoracolumbar spine performed, showing signal hyperintensity on T2 Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) T6 T10. These findings compatible TM. Given refractory response initial management, use cyclophosphamide required. After week hospital treatment, patient achieved partial neurological recovery discharged continued outpatient rheumatology care. For diagnosis patients SLE, clinical suspicion Recognizing immediately addressing this condition crucial prevent outcomes mortality stem association.